A thin insulating rod of length L carries a uniformly distributed charge Q. Find the electric field strength at a point along its axis at a distance ‘a’ from one end.



Let us consider an infinitesimal element of length dx at a distance x from the point P.

The charge on this element is dq = λdx,
where, λ = QL is the linear charge density.

The magnitude of the electric field at P due to this element is

         dE = 14πε0dqx2      = 14πε0(λdx)x2

and its direction is to the right since X is positive.
The total electric field strength E is 
given by
E = 14πε0λ aa+Ldxx2

 = λ4πε0-1xaa+L= λ4πε01a-1a+L= Q(4πε0) a (a+L) ( Q = λL)



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Two identical charged bodies have 12 μC and – 18 μC charge respectively. These bodies experience a force of 48 N at certain separation. The bodies are touched and placed at the same separation again. Find the new force between the bodies.


When two identical bodies having different magnitude of charge are touched, the redistribution of charge takes place and both the bodies acquire same charge.

 Charge on each body after touching
                       
              = 12-182 = -3 μC

The new force between the bodies
                    F = 14πε03×10-6×3×10-6x2
but             48 = 14πε0.12 × 10-6 × 18 × μCx2

On dividing both the equations we get,
                      F = 48 × 3 × 10-6 × 3 × 10-612 × 10-6 × 18 × 10-6     = 48×3×312×18     = 2 N.
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Two pieces of copper, each weighing 0.01 kg are placed at a distance of 0.1 m from each other.
One electron from per 1000 atoms of one piece is transferred to other piece of copper. What will be the coulomb force between two piece after the transfer of electrons?
(Atomic weight of copper is 63.5 g/mole. Avagadro’s number = 6 x 10
23/gram mole.)

Number of atoms in each piece of copper= 6×1023×0.01×10363.5 = 9.45 × 1022 atoms

Number of electrons transferred =

11000×9.45 × 1022
  n = 9.45 × 1019

 Charges on the each piece after transfer                      
q1 = q2 = ±ne    = ±9.45 × 1019 × 1.6 × 10-19    = ± 15.12 Cr   = 0.1 m 

Coulombic force acting between two piece after the transfer of electrons is,

        F = 14πε0q1q2r2 = 9 × 109(15.12)2(0.1)2   = 2.06 × 1014 N

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Two equally charged particles, held 3.2 x 10–3 m apart, are released from rest. The initial acceleration of the first particle is observed to be 7.0 m/s2 and that of the second to be 9.0 m/s2. If the mass of the first particle is 6.3 x 10–7 kg, what are (a) the mass of the second particle and (b) the magnitude of the charge of each particle?

Given, 

Distance between the charges, r = 3.2×10-3 m
 Iinitial acceleration of first particle, a1 = 7.0 m/s2 Initial acceleration of second particle, a2 = 9.0 m/s2Mass of first particle,  m1 = 6.3 × 10-7 kg,Mas of second particle,  m2 = ?

a) Since,   F1 = F2

        m1a1 = m2a2

   mass of second particle-m2 = m1a1a2 = 6.3×10-7×7.09.0 = 4.9 × 10-7 kg 

b)As,
                F1 = F2 = q1 q24πε0r2 = m1a1 = 6.3 × 10-7 × 7.0 = 44.1 × 10-7 

             9×109 q23.2 × 10-32 = 44.1 × 10-7 

                q = 7.1 × 10-11C.

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